Framework-Pro

 

 

INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERFACE RESEARCH CONGRESS  

 

PART I

 

WORKSHOPS

 

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 1 

The Physics and Mathematics of the Life Sciences in the Universe

Implicate and explicate order - Holomovement - Group Theory - Fractals - Structure and Symmetry/Asymmetry - Supersymmetry - Automorphism - Pattern Without Frontiers - Multiverses? - Computer Simulations - Artificial Intelligence - Thermodynamics - Dissipative Structures - Non-local theory - Quantum Chaos - Complex Systems - Networks - Splitting reality, Superposition and Decoherence - From Elementary Particle Physics to the New Cosmos - Stardust - Bose-Einstein Condensates - The Quantum Hall Effect - Can the Mind make Sense of the Cosmos? - Is there an Objective Consciousness? - Mind, Matter and Space-Time - What is Information? - Interfaces - Beyond Relativity and the Quantum Structure of Space and Time - Counter-intuition and the plasticity of the Mind - Visiting the Past - New Foundations of Physics Only Out of Nothing - The Universe Within and Without - Hyperspace - What is Energy? - Nuclear Equation of State - Cellular Equation of State - Organic Equation of State - "Universal Equation of State?" - The Great Puzzle - The Missing Link - Life in the Universe - SETI - …

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 2

Medical Imagery, Measuring Systems, Machines/Computers and The Human Being

BEAM - BMAM - CAT - PET - MRI - Functional Imagery and the Cognitive Sciences - Functional Imagery and Psychosomatics - Imaging and Placebo - Functional Brain Mapping - Imaging Neuronal/Functional networks - Elucidating Physiological Action with Brain Imaging - Imaging and Nanotechnology / Nanomedicine - Imaging and drug action - Imaging gene function and action - Imaging metabolic networks - Interfaces - Dream Imaging - Evoked Potentials - Interventional Imagery - Virtual Reality - Inverse Medical Imagery - Non-invasive selective stimulation of a chosen cell within the brain (including its localisation and visualisation): basic principles - Focused ion beam - Focused laser beam - Holography - Computerised models/reproduction of (segments of) the brain: science fiction? - Ultrashort-Pulse Lasers - Biomedical Engineering - Telesurgery - Telemedicine - The Digital World - The Grid - Augmented Reality - Patient Monitoring Systems - Artificial Intelligence Applications - … 

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 3

The Mind

The Mind and the Universe - Interfaces & Networks - An Anatomo-Functional Study of the Mind - The Physics of Consciousness - The Biological Basis and Neurophysiology of Consciousness - Consciousness Within and Without - Awareness, Consciousness and the Unconscious - The Mind and the Gene - The Mind and the Cognitive Sciences - The Conditioned Mind - The Fragmented Mind - The Holistic Mind - The Dimensionless Mind - Psychosomatics - The Suggestive Power of the Senses - The Suggestive Power of Movement - The Suggestive Power of the Mind - The Plasticity of the CNS, PNS and ANS - The Mind and Memory - The Mind and Infectious Disease - The Mind and the Neuroimmunoendocrine System - The Mind and the Disorders of the Immune System – The Mind and Disorders of Connective Tissue and Joints - The Mind and Surgery - The Mind and Anaesthetics - The Mind and Emergency Medicine - The Mind and Pain - The Mind and Alterations in Metabolism and Body Temperature - The Mind and the Nervous System - The Mind and Ageing - The Mind and the Circulatory and Respiratory System - The Mind and the Gastrointestinal System - The Mind and the Urinary System - The Mind and the Reproductive and Sexual System - The Mind and the Skin - The Mind and Haematology - The Mind and Neoplasia - Pharmacology of the Mind - The Mind and Genetics - The Mind and Psychiatry - The Mind and Paediatrics - The Mind and Nutrition - … 

Other Minds & Cross-Cutting Networks: Entomology - Ethology and Instinct - Botany - Zoology - … 

The Mind and the Image – Virtual Reality - "Dignity" in the Life Sciences? - The Mind and Politics: Going beyond the United Nations and the European Union - Democratic World Union - Interfaces and Networks - eGovernment - The Grid - The Legal Problem - The Mind and Education - The Mind and Existential Issues - The Mind and Ethics - The Mind and the Social System - Social Achievements and Superiorities rest overwhelmingly on Cultural Conditioning - Cultural Imperialism - … 

In Search of a New Economic and Commercial System - Economics based on Knowledge / Services - Fair Trade - What the heck is "Fair"? - Basic Principles of (National / International) Trade reviewed / redefined - Information, gathering, dissemination and exchange - Innovation and capacity building - Forging partnerships, responsibilities and facilitating dialogue between producers and buyers on codes of conduct/standards yet to be defined - Business, poverty and wealth redefined - Why must everything always be reduced to money and cash? - Exchange of Services Rethought – STI: Importance of communication between human beings, between different cultures and mentalities, the circulation of information and what kind of information (who decides?) - Interfaces & Networks - Vital importance of Networks and their implications in World Trade - Industry and the Human Factor - The Employed and the Unemployed: status reconsidered and a radical change in philosophy? - The Ageing Population - … 

Artificial Intelligence - Artificial Life Forms - Artificial Mind - Plasticity in Computer Science - Self-sustained Computers - Consciousness and Computers - Humanoids - HAL: Why not? - The Mind and Robotics - Augmented Reality - Virtual Environments - … 

What is the object of Education exactly? Has it so far succeeded in creating both intellectually and emotionally mature responsible human beings on this planet? When I look around and read the press, I doubt it. Besides, what do these words mean anyway…? Education for the general public often means learning under constraint, authority, stress and pressure (for the parents too!), and…examinations with possible "Disgrace" or supreme "Praise"! [Perhaps sometimes the "Praise" is in the "Disgrace"…] How can we dissipate this fear? How can we motivate, create a need to learn in the general population? How can we make people everywhere(!) in the world WANT to understand what is within and around them? Learning just for the simple pleasure of learning and discovering! There's not much point creating educational programmes if the general public feels defeated from the beginning. How can we make first-class education accessible and attractive to ALL, less elitist and more stimulating to the layman/woman? Everyone has the potential of becoming a Leonardo Da Vinci!

Personalised Interactive Educational Software - Wearable "Intelligence" - Customised Education / Tuition for All - The Human-Computer Interface - eLearning - Distance Education - Fundamental Research open to Everyone - … 

The Grid: information network - redundancy and "quality" of information - Who Knows Who Gets What? - research - education - Dangers Of (the grid) - patents – innovation - intellectual property - copyright - creativity - intellectual freedom - The Grid of Minds: path to World Consciousness and World Peace?

The Dictatorial Power of Academic Institutions - Education can break a woman/man/family (just like "Justice" when condemning an innocent human being) - Decentralising Education - The Value and Status of Degrees, Examinations and Education in general is openly questioned - Even when the degree is fully deserved (which may sometimes not necessarily be the case...), what does he/she "know" exactly…? and how…? - Duration of School + University/Academy/Technical Institution = about 20 years (at least!) of a lifetime: Are you now able to understand the world within and around you? I doubt it. - I.Q./GRE reconsidered - … 

I might add that I also consider medical training in general to be quite inappropriate (not to say detrimental) to proper patient care. Here again, the approach is much too fragmented, the result being that I have all too often seen specialists feeling very uneasy indeed when faced with a problem outside his/her specialty. The patient is then sent to another specialist who has also more or less "forgotten" what is outside his/her own specialty.... and so forth... These fragmentary approaches often not only lack coordination but can also be very expensive to the community (and patient). The result being that not only the patient is confused but the doctor in charge has considerable difficulty having a complete and thorough picture of his/her patient's case and personality. The human brain is perfectly capable of acquiring and storing all the information necessary from the different specialties into one single competent doctor. The medical courses should be entirely reviewed.

And not only medical courses...

Could the process leading to the enculturation of the brain possibly smother/limit it's full creative potential and render it "unintelligent"? This is of fundamental importance not only for research but also for mankind/humanity in general and for the years to come. What is important is what and how you "know" (whatever that is supposed to mean...), not so much the degree as such - What would happen if - and I don't think the idea is too far fetched - through the use of personal computers, the Web and somewhat more adapted personalised interactive programmes, every human being could acquire knowledge of "good degree standard" in record time and thereby short-circuit institutionalised establishments of education which would therefore become obsolete?

I am convinced that this era of multidisciplinarity and world access to information shall give birth to a new generation: that of self-made intellectual (and why not artistic...) chameleons.

How could we make the Brain function more efficiently? - Cluttering the Brain with useless material - How can thought be quiet? How can one exercise thought when necessary and not exercise it when it is not necessary? - What is intelligence? - Cleverness and Intelligence: two different things - Assimilating and reproducing knowledge is a mechanical process which is not intelligence: indeed, is intelligence mechanical? Intelligence seems to be of a completely different dimension - I am proposing to find a language more adapted to the nervous system than that used so far in educational institutions: this means going into the neurophysiology of basic thought processes: a protocol enabling the study and the unravelling of the mechanisms of understanding (in its fullest sense) and what hampers these processes, including neurosemantics (and the neurosemantic reactions that can bring about or take the form of powerful psychophysiological blockages), the suggestive power of words and thoughts (conscious or "hidden"), the reason for the incessant and sometimes wild chattering "noise" within most of us (we are like slaves, puppets to the mind living in a prison of our own making) which hampers insight, reasoning and understanding, and which is sometimes just too much for the nervous system to take. The protocol explores the possibility of finding a common denominator in all the languages not only from a grammatical but also from a physico-chemical point of view.

In short, I am here trying to find the basic "code", the key principle of learning and reasoning (the basis of research) so that the human being does not have to waste so much time not only to acquire knowledge but even just to understand what is seen, read or said (sometimes one third of a whole life is given to study, or a whole life for research). In so doing not only shall the pace in the advancement of research, in the understanding of Nature, and of the nature of Nature be considerably increased, but also the status that is generally given to knowledge is invited to climb down the ladder putting whatever knowledge "in its place" as it were; perhaps much more attention that is so urgently needed can thereby be given to the human being as such on this planet and thus attend to the vital problem of harmony (i.e. intelligence) within and between human beings.

Self-knowledge is the beginning of wisdom and if one could feel the urgency of an inner revolution, the solution to all the human problems would come on its own accord, without relying on any guru, book, system, belief, idea, or what have you (including violence), since self-knowledge by definition cannot depend on any external agency.

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 4  

Alternative and Complementary Medicines

1) Meditation (yoga, ...) and Music

A complete and thorough study of meditation - Functional analysis of the neural networks using medical imagery - Music, Psychotherapy and other applications - Neurophysiology of Meditation - Neurobiology of Meditation - Interfaces - …

2) Chi Kung - Wai Dan - Nei Dan - Taï Chi Chuan - Ba Kua Chan - Hsing I Chuan - Dancing

A comprehensive anatomo-functional study with reference to basic principles of neurophysiology, neuroendocrinology and psychiatry - a complete analysis of movements - a study of the potential short and long term benefits through regular practice - Why should a given succession of movements have a given effect? - The Suggestive Power of Movement - Active Meditation as opposed to Passive Meditation - Analysis of the mutual positive/negative feed-back influences and of the neural networks using medical imagery whilst practising the martial arts - Psychotherapeutic aspects - Psycho-somatic lumbalgia and arthralgia - the "stress-immune" system - neuroimmunoendocrine interaction - Ageing - Clinical applications - …- Gestiology - Symbolism - Interfaces - … 

I am interested in Chinese medicine and related disciplines. It is important to note in this respect that the Chinese made many fundamental clinical and theoretical medical discoveries hundreds of years ago and which are only now finding confirmation thanks to more advanced technology and a more open mind.

3) Acupuncture - Chi Nei Tsang - Shia-Tsu

A systematic study with reference to basic principles of neurophysiology, molecular biology and immunology - Psychiatric disorders - Clinical applications - Why does acupuncture work with certain people and not with others? - Analysis of the meridian circuitry - Example: stimulation of point S36 followed by an analysis of subsequent brain functions and neural circuitry involved, internal parameters and the ensuing neuroimmunoendocrine interactions: neurotransmitters/neuropeptides, synaptic transmission, neuroendocrine factors, lymphocyte B et T, cytokine networks, phagocytosis, … - Comparative study between control subjects and hospitalised patients - Interfaces - … 

I am quite aware of the fact that acupuncture is a controversial (to say the least) field of study for some.

It is hoped however that the advanced technology at our disposal shall enable a complete, objective(!) and very thorough investigation of the physiological and biochemical basis of acupuncture. Should acupuncture be totally rejected? Far too many questions are still left unanswered in this field, as you undoubtedly know.

There is also far too much pressure from laboratories and faculties to use drugs and to directly and indirectly discourage research in acupuncture. Acupuncture also allows the physician to decrease the administered therapeutic doses. Could we do without drugs altogether through a better knowledge of acupuncture? Let us give acupuncture a fair trial.

Chi Nei Tsang deals with "massage of the internal organs" and the suggestive power of touch.

4) Phytotherapy, Herbs, Homeopathy, Placebo, Hypnosis, Osteopathy, …

Nutrition – Bio Products – Diet – Interfaces - …

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 5

Internal Medicine and The Neurosciences

Basic Principles - Identifying Interfaces and Networks - Homeostasis and The Neuroimmunoendocrine Axis - A Comprehensive Discussion and Systematic Review of Internal Medicine seen through the Neurosciences: Genetics and Disease/Cancer - Pharmacology - Nutrition - Clinical Manifestations of Disease - Infectious Disease - Environmental and Occupational Hazards (including Electrical Appliances and Computers) - Epidemiology - Neurological Disorders - Ophthalmologic Disorders - Dermatological Disorders - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Psychiatric Disorders - Haematology and Oncology - Disorders of the Immune System - Disorders of the Connective Tissue and Joints - Disorders of the Cardiovascular System - Disorders of the Respiratory System - Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract - Disorders of the Reproductive System - Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System - Aetiologies, Prevention and Therapies Re-examined - Novel Approaches Proposed - Applications in Paediatrics & Geriatrics - Medicine in Space - ... 

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 6

Surgery and The Neurosciences

Basic Principles - Preoperative Preparation of Surgical Patients - Anaesthesia - Homeostasis and The Neuroimmunoendocrine Axis - Shock - Fluid and Electrolyte Management - Metabolism - Wound Healing - Infections - Trauma - Renal Failure - Transplantation - A Comprehensive Discussion and Systematic Review of Surgery seen through the Neurosciences - Advances in Surgery - Telesurgery - Robotic Surgery - Surgery in Space - …

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 7

Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care and The Neurosciences

Basic Principles - Clinical Anaesthesiology - Systems Review: A Comprehensive Discussion of Emergency Situations as seen through the Neurosciences - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - Critical Care - Emergency Medicine in Space - …

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 8  

Biology, Computer Science, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology

The Human Genome/Proteome - The Anatomy of Human Gene Expression - Interfaces and Networks - Identification of Gene Functions - Proteomics - Glycomics - Molecular Genetics - Theoretical Biology - Treating Disease without Drugs - Endogenously Synthesised Drugs on Demand - Endogenous Cancer Inhibitors - Doomsday for Pharmacological Companies? - Genetic Engineering - DNA/gene chips - Protein arrays - Gene Therapy - Targeted Gene Replacement - Biohybrid Devices - Genetic Screening - Cloning - Cultivation of Stem Cells - Genetic Vaccines - Edible Vaccines - Computing with DNA - Probing the Soul? - Plasticity in Computer Science - Bioinformatics - Computer experimenting, modelling and simulations - Algorithms for Disease Diagnosis - Artificial Intelligence Applications - The Virtual Patient - The Virtual Cell - Robotic Life Forms - The Mind and Robotics - Synthetic Consciousness - A Common Cyberlanguage for the Life Sciences - The Grid - Wholesale Computation - Creating Convergence - Optical Switching - The Ultimate all-optical Network - Personalised Interactive Educational Software - The World of Biomics - Hypercomputers - Biomedical Engineering – Nanoscience Applications in the Life Science - The Biotech Interfaces and applications in Nanotechnology - Nanoelectronics - Nanomedicine - Nanotherapy (memory, cancer, genetic and infectious diseases, psychiatry, …) - Nanoparticles - Molecular Machines - Biological Computers - …

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 9  

Space

Life sciences in the space program: Biomedical research - Medicine in Space - Emergency Medicine and Critical Care in Space - The Drug Problem: Solution = ? - Interfaces & Networks - The Neuroimmunoendocrine System - Radiation - Crew factors - Systems engineering - Operational medicine - Gravitational biology - Controlled ecological life support systems - Biosystems research - Exobiology - Life in Extreme Environments - Biofilms - Proteomics - Cosmochemistry - Microbial Paleobiology - Bioastronomy - Geobiology - Microbial Diversity and the Biosphere - Remote Sensing of Planetary Properties and Biosignatures on Extrasolar Planets - SETI - Flight programs - Program administration - Teleportation: science fiction? - Applications …

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME 10

Energy, Renewable Energy Sources and Environment Protection

Nuclear Power - Radioactive and other Toxic Wastes - Industrial, Organic and Domestic Wastes - Geophysics - Geology - Environment Contamination - Environmental Dangers - Earthquakes (Forecasting - Monitoring - Animal Sensors) - Pollution Monitoring, Mapping and Networks - Biomass - Wind Energy - Solar Energy - Small-scale Hydro Power - Fuel Cells - Hybrid Systems - Energy Storage and Conversion Processes - Oceanography - Remote Sensing - Meteoretics - Carbon Nanostructures - Politics - …

All the NETWORK PROGRAMMES shall be regularly updated/completed

 

PART II

 

THE FUTURE: The NewPOL DISCUSSION FORUM

 

NETWORK PROGRAMME S

Synthesis

This programme systematically integrates all the afore mentioned material developed in the preceding sections.

Project NewPOL.

PART A

The Physics of Life and the Neuroimmunoendocrine System: an integrated understanding of diseases and healing potential in the human being explored using novel approaches to therapy. (Link to Cordis Web Site)

Abstract:

Drug resistance (not to mention their costs and side effects) may lead the medical community to a deadlock in the future. How does one treat a critical medical condition when drugs are not necessarily available (long-distance space flight, developing countries, impending myocardial infarction when there is no one around)? We have reached the stage where modern technology should now be used to thoroughly explore the human body's own resources and healing potential, thereby increasing its autonomy. A prerequisite is an integrated multidisciplinary approach. We propose new and practical concepts in managing disease and therapy with possible applications in space medicine, infectious diseases, neurological, immune, endocrine and genetic disorders.

Objectives

Exploring the mechanisms that underlie the healing potential in the human being and offering a general, integrated and dynamic approach for practical applications through a multidisciplinary approach. Venturing beyond the deadlocks in therapy and the increasing complexities of drug resistance - The use of modern technology (genomics, nanotechnology, medical imagery, ...) not just to discover new drugs but mainly to thoroughly explore the human body's OWN resources and healing potential - Endogenous drug synthesis (volitional control over) - Tissue (brain, ...) damage repair from raw material that lies throughout the tissue itself - Thinking a desired therapeutic effect (perhaps by willing a focussed change in a given microenvironment of dormant cells with latent properties) - Treating Disease without exogenous Drugs - Proteomics - Glycomics - Plasticity of the nervous system - Psychosomatics - Individual Health and The Social System: No More Crutches! - Mind-body interaction in both Disease and Mental Health - Lifestyle, Nutrition/Diet and Health - Placebo effect - Computerised & mathematical models of complexities - Classical & alternative medicine revised.

Discussion

The following themes shall be examined: Resistance to drugs: checkmate in the distant future...who/what shall outsmart whom? What do natural products and/or their synthetic derivatives have to offer? What combination of external signals and internal programming determines the fates of cells in the human body? How can stem cells be mobilised to heal multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, ALS, tissue damage from a cerebral vascular accident or head trauma? Which genes are active when? How can neural complexity and functional clustering be integrated with cytokine networks and internal homeostasis? The established dynamic plasticity of the nervous system (CNS, PNS, ANS) not only unveils the considerable healing, intellectual and creative potential of the human being but also means that approaches to many problems must be rethought.

Exploring novel approaches to therapy through a better understanding of disease and healing potential in the human being means not only articulating (and questioning) what is already known in a different way, but also a vertical integrated study in fields that education and the encultured brain have rendered separate, including: psychosomatics - placebo effect - cytokine networks - neurobiology - genomics - biophysics - fMRI - biochemistry - theory of complex systems - genetic algorithms et al - the neuroimmunoendocrine axis - cognitive neuroscience - stress - pain - infection, the immune system and Space travel/ageing - wound healing - acute/chronic inflammation - consciousness and beyond - fusion of classical/alternative medicine - Population genetics - Comparative ethnopsychiatric studies - Epidemiological studies on resistance to infection and drugs - bioengineering - stem cells - microbiology - wound healing - computer modelling – cancer inhibitors … 

This integrated holistic approach to medicine may open the way for participants to offer suggestions as to how to deal with the following issues: a patient who finds him(her)self in a (critical) medical condition (disease / inflammation / trauma / cancer / …..functional or organic problem…/…surgery…) when drugs are NOT available (i.e. long distance/duration space flight, so-called "under-developed" countries in Africa, Asia, ...) - Homeostasis - The Drug Resistance Problem - Stem Cell Therapy - Gene Therapy - Alternative Therapy - Health without Drugs: Science Fiction? - Africa/Asia and the AIDS Crisis – Medical Emergency Situations on Earth or in Space - Disease Elimination and Eradication - Suggested Clinical Applications

PART B

The Physics of Life and The Neuroimmunoendocrine System: an integrated understanding of the quality of life and the well-being of society explored using novel approaches to existential issues and awareness, politics, the environment, education, the social system, ICT, STI, economics, philosophy, religion, and the arts.

The mind in and by itself contains all the essentials of the history of humanity. It is an invaluable "book", an inextinguishable source of inspiration which is forever changing, never coming to an end and which contains a wealth of information: a memory of the past and of the future… If one is able to read that "book" (which is the main difficulty), you do not need any other books on psychology, philosophy… The solution is not "out there" but within. It is interesting to note that a few Far Eastern "Philosophers" are able to talk (in their own words) about the Essence (= Quintessence?) of the Universe - which is an extremely complex issue – without having studied Physics… Could the study of our minds possibly reveal much more than the basics of psychology and philosophy...? Could I think of a predetermined gene, understand its mechanism, or "tell" it to start making another protein because I need it to get rid of an infection…? Can Consciousness understand itself?

The dynamic plasticity of the CNS, PNS and ANS demonstrates that self-knowledge associated with multidisciplinary experiences, training, "education" and way of life can be undoubtedly beneficial for many reasons: medical, political, sociological, research, creativity…and last but not least: for the individual her(him)self. The educational and institutional systems, however, must be entirely revised.

The Neurosciences and Cognition - How does the mind "understand"? - Vertical and Horizontal Understanding - Understanding Without Knowing - Education - The Savant Syndrome - Autism – Synesthesia - The Interblending between Cognitive Sciences and the Neuroimmunoendocrine System: this integrated approach forms by far one of the most complex issues in the Neurosciences.

The Neurosciences and International Relations: Politics & Economics - The Social System - Education - Information & Society - Information and Communication Technologies - Sustainable Trade and Innovation - The Neurosciences and Religion - The Neurosciences and The Arts.

 

PART III

 

INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER  

 

1. Discussion of the Center's Journal design and conception

2. Laying the foundations of the Center's actual construction: budget, design (we shall need architects)

3. The choice of the construction site (maybe an island/place that could be rendered apolitical beforehand through some international agreement..??..)

4. The Center's global programme and philosophy (since this shall dictate the final design)

5. What kind of "departments" shall be created? Apart from the "departments" implicitly mentioned in the project, "departments" on Energy, Artificial Intelligence, robotics, renewable energy sources, environment protection, eLearning, eGovernment, politics, economics, geophysics, ... shall be included. A whole network (ICT) is in fact being set up with Africa, South America, ... This must be encouraged and developed.

6. The creation of a new educational system. New customised curricula enabling virtual lab work when necessary for ALL.

7. Research possibilities: local and distant

8. New training possibilities: local and distant

9. The commercial infrastructure around the site

10. Political support

11. Press/media

12. Opportunities for SMEs (creating new SMEs and developing existing ones)

13. New ideas as to how we could gather more funds

14. ...

 

© 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002